About halfway between Verona and Venice, Vicenza lies at the edge of the fertile Po plain, just below the foothills of the Dolomites. Including Vicenza in its World Heritage list, UNESCO cited the work here of Andrea Palladio in the 16th century, which "gives the city its unique appearance. His work inspired a distinct architectural style known as Palladian, which spread to England and other European countries, and also to North America." Palladian ideals mix freely here with the distinctive Venetian styles, as Vicenza was part of the Venetian empire from 1404 until the late 1700s. The name to know in art here is the 15th-century painter Bartolomeo Montagna, whose work you'll see in the Museo Civico and in several churches.
1 Basilica Palladiana and Museo Palladiano
The southeast side of Piazza dei Signori is dominated by the elegant Basilica Palladiana, Palladio's masterpiece, built between 1549 and 1614. Its two stories of open colonnades, the lower part Doric and upper part Ionic, make it impressive but also serve to blend it into the vast square by opening it to the street. The basilica was not built as a church but as a meeting-place for the Grand Council. On the first floor is a hall 52 meters long, with a wooden vaulted roof, used for exhibitions. In front of the west end of the basilica stands a marble statue of Palladio. Inside the building is the Museo Palladiano, with models, designs, and other work by the architect. There is a café on the upper terrace.
Piazza dei Signori was the site of the old Roman forum, with two columns from the Venetian period and the slender Torre di Piazza, a defensive tower built in 1174. The Loggia del Capitano, now part of the Town Hall, was the residence of the Venetian governor, begun by Palladio in 1571 but only half finished.
Address: Piazza dei Signori, Vicenza
Accomodation: Where to Stay in Vicenza - TripAdvisor.com
2 Teatro Olimpico
Opposite the Museo Civico, the Teatro Olimpico was begun by Palladio in 1580 and completed in 1584 by Vincenzo Scamozzi, after Palladio's death. Built of wood and stucco, this is a Renaissance adaption of ancient theaters. As you enter the building, be sure to notice its size, and be conscious of the distance you walk inside the theater. You will be surprised by how large the stage seems. This is a grand illusion, achieved by the clever use of sets that diminish in size to create the effect of long streets running off into the distance. The stage is, in fact, quite shallow.
Address: Piazza Matteotti, I-36100 Vicenza
Official site: www.olimpicovicenza.it
3 La Rotonda
Connected to the nearby Villa Valmarana by a footpath - about a ten-minute walk - is the most recognized of all Palladio's buildings, Villa Almerico Capra, better known as La Rotonda. Commissioned by a priest as his country house upon his retirement from the Vatican, the villa was inspired by the Pantheon in Rome. In turn, it has inspired hundreds of later buildings the world-over, including Thomas Jefferson's home, Monticello, in Virginia, USA.
The square structure is completely symmetrical, with a portico on each of the four sides, and crowned by a dome. Although it was designed and begun by Palladio about 1567, at his death in 1580, the building was completed by Vincenzo Scamozzi, who kept to the original plans except for some modifications to the dome. The interior is decorated in elaborate frescoes, with trompe l'oeil architectural features - columns, niches, and capitals - on the walls. It is possible to visit the grounds and the interior on alternate days.
Address: Via della Rotonda 45, Vicenza
Official site: http://www.villalarotonda.it
4 Corso Andrea Palladio
A little way northwest of the Piazza dei Signori is the main street of Vicenza, the Corso Andrea Palladio, lined with palaces, several of them designed by Palladio. Halfway along, you'll see the fine Palazzo del Comune, designed by Vincenzo Scamozzi and built in the early 17th century. Northeast of this is the Gothic Palazzo Da Schio, known as the Cà d'Oro, House of Gold. At the southwest end are more palaces, including Palazzo Bonin (No. 13) and Palazzo Zileri Dal Verme(No. 36). The Corso ends in the Piazza Castello, location of the Porta Castello. To the left, on the shorter side of the square, the unfinished Palazzo Porto-Breganze was probably designed by Palladio and built by Vincenzo Scamozzi about 1600. Contra Porti, which intersects with Corso Andrea Palladio not far from Piazza dei Signori, is also lined by 14th-century Venetian mansions and several more of Palladio's.
5 Museo Civico
At the northeast end of the Corso Andrea Palladio is the Palazzo Chiericati, one of Palladio's finest buildings and now home to the Museo Civico. On the ground floor are archeological collections, and on the main floor, a picture gallery displays the city's collection of paintings. This contains major works by painters of the Vicenza school (such as Bartolomeo Montagna and Giovanni Buonconsiglio) and the best known Venetian masters, including Carpaccio, Veronese, Tintoretto, Tiepolo, and others.
Address: Piazza Matteotti 37-39, Vicenza
Official site: http://www.museicivicivicenza.it/en/
6 Villa Valmarana (Ai Nani)
Behind high walls crowned with a series of stubby statues, the 17th-century Villa Valmarana is locally known as Ai Nani, a reference to the dwarfed statues on the walls. The magnificent frescoes, painted in 1757, adorning the residence and guest house are one of the main attractions for tourists. Those in the main villa are by Giambattista Tiepolo and cover the entry and four ground-floor rooms with dramatic and heroic scenes from Roman, Greek, and Italian literature. By marked contrast, the frescoes done at the same time by Tiepolo's son Giandomenico, in the adjoining guest house, are light and airy scenes of peasant and town life. Both sets are very well preserved.
Address: Stradelli dei Nani 8, Vicenza
Official site: http://www.villavalmarana.com
7 Santa Corona
The Gothic church of Santa Corona was built in the 13th century to house a holy relic, a thorn from Christ's Crown of Thorns, and contains several notable paintings. The Baptism of Christ by Giovanni Bellini, from about 1500, is above the fifth altar on left, and on the third altar on the right is Adoration of the Magi by Veronese. But what draws most visitors is the church's 1576Cappella Valmarana, a chapel believed to have been designed by Andrea Palladio, who is buried in the church.
Address: Contra Sant Corona 2, Vicenza
8 Basilica di Monte Berico
From the Villa Roi, on the southern outskirts of Vicenza, the Portici di Monte Berico, a series of arcades built in 1746, lead up to the Basilica di Monte Berico. This pilgrimage church was built by the Bologna architect C. Borella in 1668. The basilica's centralized plan is modeled on theRotonda. In the chapel to the right of the high altar is Lamentation by Bartolomeo Montagna (1500); in the refectory is his large Banquet of St. Gregory Magnus. There is an almost Byzantine feel to the interior, which is lit by votive candles around the high altar. Two somewhat surprising collections are worth noticing in the refectory: fossils and the unusual needlework votive offerings in the vestibule. From the square in front of the church, Piazzale della Vittoria, are magnificent views of the city backed by the Pre-Alps, including Monte Pasubio and Monte Grappa.
Address: Viale X Giugno 87, Vicenza
9 San Lorenzo
From Palazzo Valmarana, about midway along Corso Andrea Palladio, Via Fogazzaro runs northwest to the brick church of San Lorenzo. The Romanesque and Gothic church, built from 1280 to 1344, has a slender campanile and a beautiful main doorway. In the fine interior are some impressive tombs and a fresco by Bartolomeo Montagna, The Beheading of St. Paul, from about 1500. Be sure to see the cloister adjoining the church, one of Vicenza's loveliest.
Address: Campo San Lorenzo, Vicenza
10 Cathedral
Via Garibaldi runs southwest to the Piazza del Duomo, on the north-side of which stands the cathedral, a Gothic structure of brick with a façade of white and red marble that was built in the 15th century and restored after World War II bombing. Inside is a 14th-century triptych by Lorenzo Veneziano. Under the cathedral are the foundations of three earlier churches, and beneath the sacristy are the remains of a Roman road. On the southwest side of Piazza del Duomo, the Bishop's Palace has a Neoclassical façade of 1819.
Address: Piazza Duomo, Vicenza
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